DOORWAYS Our Services New training development Coaching and mentoring Capacity building of our global partners Rigorous impact evaluations Training implementations Adaptations of existing training programs Project management (on-site and digital) STEP TRAINING AND PI TRAINING Training Programs Our two main training programs, the Personal Initiative (PI) Training and the Student Training for Entrepreneurial Promotion (STEP) are action-oriented, evidence-based entrepreneurship training interventions that have been developed by a research team under the guidance of Prof. Michael Frese and Prof. Michael Gielnik. Find out more about the different target groups and previous projects and results! STEP PI SPECIFIC PROGRAMS FOR OUR Target Groups While we remain true to our principles and methodologically work evidence-based as well as action-oriented in all cases, we can (and are convinced that we should) at the same time include target group and context-specific factors and content. In the past, we have successfully offered programs for diverse target groups. Agripreneurs Agripreneurship training programs to foster sustainable growth in rural areas Sustainable / Social Entrepreneurs Training programs that foster sustainable entrepreneurship to promote business ideas and implementations with a positive impact on society and the environment Workers Training programs for workers to promote wage employment and decent work conditions University, TVET and high school students Training programs for students that can be implemented at educational institutions (at various levels) Female Entrepreneurs Training programs that focus on strengthening female entrepreneurship and empowering women in business Illiterate Trainees Adaptations of training materials to underprivileged target groups with limited or no access to higher education Adolescent Girls and Young Women Adaptations of training materials to underprivileged target groups with limited or no access to higher education DOORWAYS PROJECTS Our Projects View All CONTACT Get in Touch Your Name Your Email Address Message I have read and agree to the terms of use . Send DOORWAYS What We Do We promote entrepreneurship by developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions and training programs that foster entrepreneurial thinking and behavior. In our training programs, we use evidence-based training contents and apply action-oriented training approaches. Research has shown that action-oriented approaches, in which participants are learning by doing, outperform other (more conventional and lecture-based) training courses. While our training programs are based on scientific evidence and have been evaluated to the highest empirical standards, we are aware that no intervention is ever perfect. We therefore continuously re-evaluate our training programs to further deepen the theoretical and practical understanding of how our programs can be most effective in benefitting participants, societies and the environment. To this end, we invest in creating new training designs and formats in line with the UN’s SDGs. What We Do Read more about Doorways and the services we offer

Pascal Filling a market gap Pascal Mshanga has 3 advises for new business owners: First, be passionate about what you do. Second, know the industry you are going to enter. And third, make your business unique. Pascal Mshanga is 25 years old and currently studies Bachelor of Law at the University of Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania). In 2015 he participated in the STEP training, by now he owns a restaurant. His restaurant is named Pweza Café; pweza is the Swahili word for octopus. The name derives from the kind of food he is offering: he sells seafood like local fish and the eponymous octopus which he gets from the fish market in town. The idea was born one day when he walked around with his friends after work, looking for seafood. Suddenly he realized that in this area there was no restaurant offering such food, hence he decided to open up a seafood restaurant. Before he actually started the business, he shared the idea with some of his friends. He asked the ones who are business owners themselves, to get professional feedback and different points of view on the subject. Since his friends supported him in his intention, he decided to take the risk. He started with doing market research, looked for a suitable location and made detailed plans. When starting his business, several challenges emerged. There were bureaucratic aspects like getting the demanded licenses and financial issues such as getting starting capital and coming up with money for renovation expenses as well as the rent fee. But due to his determination and the support by friends and colleagues from the university he did not give up and finally opened his very own seafood restaurant in December 2015. His customers enjoy well prepared seafood in a classy atmosphere, entertained by radio or TV. If they are not able to stay they can even order take away food or make use of the delivery service. By 2015, Pascal made about 154$ sales per month, payed himself a salary of 68$ and had one full-time employee. One of the challenges he is still facing is the time management aspect as he is still studying at university besides being a business owner. That is why he has to split his time carefully to ensure that his studies as well as the restaurant get the needed amount of attention. The STEP training helped him a lot in solving this problem as well as many other problems. For instance, the STEP training made him understand the key business aspects such as marketing, accounting and book keeping. Furthermore, he was taught how to conduct a market research prior to the establishment of a business. But the most important thing he learned is to take a risk. And that is exactly what he did. Successfully. Therefore, his future plan is to expand his business to other parts of the country to reach a wider population. If he could give three advices to someone who wants to start a new business his advices would be the following: First, you have to be passionate. Don’t start a business just because of the profit but love what you do. Second, you have to understand the industry you want to work in. Knowing the industry and the dynamics involved is vital. Third, you have to think of something which makes your business unique. You should carefully analyze the market, particularly your potential competitors. Only then you can develop new marketing styles to top everyone else. Success Story of Dennis Success Story of Martin info@doorways-training.org +49 4134 9099726 Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt Home Doorways About Us Our Projects Success Stories Clients and Partners Contact STEP STEP Impact STEP Projects STEP Success Stories STEP Publications PI PI Impact PI Projects PI Success Stories PI Publications Blog FAQs Support Us © 2023 Doorways gGmbH. All Rights Reserved Terms of Use Imprint +49 4134 9099726 info@doorways-training.org Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt

PI Success Stories Find out more about the participants of PI Training and how the program has helped them and their businesses! SOME OF OUR PI Projects View all CONTACT Get in Touch Your Name Your Email Address Message I have read and agree to the terms of use . Send info@doorways-training.org +49 4134 9099726 Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt Home Doorways About Us Our Projects Success Stories Clients and Partners Contact STEP STEP Impact STEP Projects STEP Success Stories STEP Publications PI PI Impact PI Projects PI Success Stories PI Publications Blog FAQs Support Us © 2023 Doorways gGmbH. All Rights Reserved Terms of Use Imprint +49 4134 9099726 info@doorways-training.org Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt Akouélé A success story from Togo Leila A success story from Togo Habibou A success story from Togo Yeshi A success story from Ethiopia

Our Projects Learn more about our work and diverse experiences around the world NIGERIA | NOVEMBER 2023 STEP at Universities and for Communities Complete the train-the-trainer workshop and report on program. Supervise initial stages of the training process BANGLADESH | DECEMBER 2022 PI Training for Refugees (Kutupalong Camp) Preparation of training materials for a PI training in the Kutupalong Refugee Camp GERMANY | OCTOBER 2022 Digital Content Creation for Entrepreneurship Education Creation of education videos for the subject "effectuation and causation" SOUTH AFRICA | APRIL 2023 Empowering Young Women With Entrepreneurial Skills The objective of the project is to provide 1,825 young women (aged 15-24) with entrepreneurial skills and knowledge Read More NIGER | JULY 2022 - DECEMBER 2023 PI Training for Adolescent Girls PI Training will be tested using a RCT against the entrepreneurship training that has been part of the economic empowerment component of the SWEDD (Sahel Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Dividend) project. The project runs through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation is Doorways co-founder Benjamin Scharweit. Read More BURKINA FASO | JULY 2022 - DECEMBER 2023 Trading Support and PI Training The project at hand aims to improve the business skills of small-scale cross-border traders in Burkina Faso. The project runs through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation is Doorways co-founder Benjamin Scharweit. Read More MOZAMBIQUE | MAY 2017 - APRIL 2020 PI Training for Women Farmer’s The World Bank’s Africa Gender Innovation Lab (GIL) conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) study to measure the impact of a training intervention targeted to a sample of 2,000 poor female farmers across 100 communities in Tete province. The project ran through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation was Doorways co-founder Benjamin Scharweit. Read More SOUTH AFRICA | FEB. 2019 - JAN. 2020 STEP Training at Two Rural Universities The object of the project was the sustainable implementation of STEP at two rural universities in South Africa to contribute to the improvement of the quality of education as well as to the reduction of youth unemployment in South Africa. The project ran through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation was Doorways co-founder Carina Bohlayer. Read More SOUTH AFRICA | APRIL 2022 - MARCH 2024 STEP Sustainability The project comprises the following components: Development, implementation, and evaluation of STEP Sustainability (a new variant focusing on social/sustainable entrepreneurship) at a new partner university in South Africa. The project runs through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation is Doorways co-founder Carina Bohlayer. Read More UGANDA, KENYA, TANZANIA | SEP. 2017 - DEC. 2021 Entrepreneurship for Student Teachers The goal of the project was to develop a new entrepreneurship curriculum for student teachers to be rolled out at different universities in eastern Africa with a primary focus on Uganda. The project ran through Leuphana University Lüneburg, responsible for the implementation was Doorways co-founder Jakob Weers. Read More CONTACT Get in Touch Your Name Your Email Address Message I have read and agree to the terms of use . Send GUINEA-BISSAU | SINCE JULY 2024 PI Training for Cross-Border Traders in Guinea-Bissau As part of the Trade Facilitation West Africa (TFWA) Program, we adjust the PI Training curriculum and train 200 cross-border traders in Guinea-Bissau. Read More THE GAMBIA | SINCE JULY 2024 PI Training for Cross-Border Traders in the The Gambia As part of the Trade Facilitation West Africa (TFWA) Program, we adjust the PI Training curriculum and train 200 cross-border traders in The Gambia. Read More LESOTHO | SINCE JANUARY 2024 PI Training in Lesotho for Poor and Vulnerable Households As part of the Pathways to Sustainable Livelihoods Project in Lesotho, the PI Training is adapted and delivered to 5,000 beneficiaries over two years, promoting sustainable economic development and improving community wellbeing. Read More AFRICA | SINCE OCTOBER 2020 Content Development for PI-Ag Training Together with FAO and MIT Bootcamps, we developed a Personal Initiative Agripreneurship (PI-Ag) Training that combines the value chain approach with entrepreneurship best practices and PI Training. Read More NIGER | JANUARY 2022 - OCTOBER 2024 PI Training for Adolescent Girls and Young Women PI Training will be tested for adolescent girls and young women who are part of the economic empowerment component of the SWEDD (Sahel Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Dividend) project. Read More PHILIPPINES | JULY 2023 - SEPTEMBER 2024 PI Training Short Version and Training of Trainers Together with IMG Partners, we developed a contextualized and shortened version of the PI Training for the Philippines. We trained trainers to deliver this short version in politically unstable regions of Mindanao. Read More INDIA | JUNE 2023 - AUGUST 2024 PI Training for Rural Entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu Together with The World Bank’s South Asia Region Gender Innovation Lab (SAR GIL) and the local implementation partner Hand In Hand India we are investigating the effectiveness of a PI Training for 1,000 small-scale entrepreneurs. Read More RWANDA | JULY 2024 PI Training in Rural Rwanda Together with our partner ESP, we qualified local trainers to train 2,500 small-scale entrepreneurs in rural Rwanda with the PI Training. Read More EGYPT | MARCH 2023 - JULY 2024 PI Training Content Development for MSME Retailers In an IFC funded project we develop 3 training sessions for mainly female retailers who are registered with the B2B retail platform MaxAB. Read More MALAWI | JUNE 2023 - JUNE 2024 PI Training for MSMEs Personal Initiative (PI) Training for 2,500 MSMEs as part of the Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling (FInES) Project. Read More MOZAMBIQUE | JULY 2023 - MAY 2024 PI Training for Farmers In a WFP funded project we adjusted the Personal Initiative (PI) Training curriculum for small-scale farmers and trained local trainers in the provinces of Nampula and Cabo Delgado. Read More SOUTH AFRICA | APRIL 2022 - MAY 2024 STEP Sustainability In this project, STEP Sustainability (an entrepreneurship training variant focusing on social/sustainable entrepreneurship) was developed, implemented, and evaluated in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Read More SOUTH AFRICA | APRIL 2022 - APRIL 2024 STEP Training for Young Women STEP Training for 1,825 young women in five regions of South Africa in cooperation with the NGO Community Media Trust (CMT). Read More BANGLADESH | DECEMBER 2022 - SEPTEMBER 2023 PI Training and Effectuation Training for Rohingya Refugees The PI Training is tested in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) against an Effectuation Training that was newly developed for the project. Read More BURKINA FASO | JULY 2022 - AUGUST 2023 Trading Support and PI Training The project aims to measure the impact of a PI Training targeted to a sample of 1,671 small-scale cross-border traders. It will also measure the impact of the PI Training together with a commplementary mentoring intervention. Read More ZAMBIA | APRIL - MAY 2023 PI Training for Entrepreneurs We trained local trainers from two Zambian NGOs with the necessary skills and knowledge to conduct the Personal Initiative Training for entrepreneurs throughout the country. Read More TAJIKISTAN | FEBRUARY - MAY 2023 First PI Training in Central Asia In a pilot project together with IMG Partners (Japan), we trained four trainers from different regions in Tajikistan to deliver a shortened version of the PI Training to female small-scale business owners. Read More GERMANY | OCTOBER 2022 Digital Content Creation for Entrepreneurship Education Creation of education videos for the subject "effectuation and causation". Read More NIGERIA | OCTOBER 2022 STEP Training at Universities and for Communities The project was carried out in cooperation with Godfrey Okoye University in Enegu and the ICMPD. New trainers were trained in a train-the-trainer workshop and will also facilitate the STEP Training at the Centre of Practical Skills in the Enegu region. Read More UGANDA, KENYA, TANZANIA | SEP. 2017 - DEC. 2021 Development of STEP Training Curriculum for Student Teachers A STEP Training curriculum was developed and tested to capacitate student teachers to train students in entrepreneurship at secondary schools. Read More LEBANON | SEPTEMBER 2019 - MAY 2021 STEP Training in Lebanon The project aimed at implementing the STEP Training and at establishing a network of universities to jointly foster entrepreneurship education in Lebanon. Read More MOZAMBIQUE | MAY 2017 - APRIL 2020 PI Training for Female Farmers Together with The World Bank’s Africa Gender Innovation Lab (GIL), the impact of the PI Training in addition to an agricultural extension program was measured with a sample of 2,000 poor female farmers across 100 communities in Tete province. Read More SOUTH AFRICA | FEB. 2019 - JAN. 2020 STEP Training at Two Rural Universities The object of the project was the sustainable implementation of the STEP Training at two rural universities in South Africa to contribute to the improvement of the quality of education as well as to the reduction of youth unemployment in South Africa. Read More ETHIOPIA | SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER 2019 PI Training for Female Factory Workers The objective of the project was to develop a new version of the PI Training curriculum for female factory workers at Bole Lemi Industrial Park in Addis Ababa. Read More

PI Training for MSMEs MALAWI CLIENT: IBF INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING Description of project: The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to increase access to financial services, promote entrepreneurship and capabilities of MSMEs in Malawi including addressing COVID-19 implications. The PDO should be reached through the following three project components: (1) liquidity enhancement for MSMEs (including via a line of credit (LoC), Technical Assistance (TA), and de-risking/risk capital support); (2) scaling of entrepreneurship and building firm capabilities; (3) enhancement of the enabling environment for supporting the financial inclusion and growth of entrepreneurs. STEP Training at Two Rural Universities PI Training in India

TRAINING PROGRAMS STEP Training STEP (Student Training for Entrepreneurial Promotion) is an entrepreneurship training program targeted particularly at young adults with limited or no entrepreneurial experience. It was founded by the Frese Group in 2008 and has since been implemented in partnership with more than two dozen institutions in low- and middle-income countries around the world. Read More TRAINING PROGRAMS PI Training Personal Initiative (PI) Training is a psychological program targeted at entrepreneurs with existing businesses. It has been developed within the Frese Group and been implemented in the context of several internationally funded research projects in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Research indicated that it can be more effective than traditional business training programs. Read More © Erick Khagan and World Bank DOORWAYS PROJECTS Our Projects View All WHO WE WORK WITH Our Clients and Partners - Public Sector CEED at Leuphana University of Lueneburg Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) The World Bank’s Africa Gender Innovation Lab (GIL) The World Bank’s South Asia Region Gender Innovation Lab (SARGIL) University of Cologne World Food Programme (WFP) Y-RISE AGOVA - Zambia CMT - South Africa Hand In Hand - India IBF International Consulting - Belgium International Management Group - Japan MentorMe - Zambia RTM International - Bangladesh WHO WE WORK WITH Our Clients and Partners - Private Sector OUR TEAM About Us Want to know more about the minds and hearts behind the non-profit organization Doorways? Meet our team and learn more about our vision, mission, and values. Read More CONTACT Get in Touch Your Name Your Email Address Message I have read and agree to the terms of use . Send Welcome to Doorways We are a non-profit organization and we are passionate about creating positive impact via entrepreneurship and empowering people STEP PI What We Do DOORWAYS What We Do We promote entrepreneurship by developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions and training programs that foster entrepreneurial thinking and behavior. In our training programs, we use evidence-based training contents and apply action-oriented training approaches. Read More

PI Training for Adolescent Girls and Young Women NIGER CLIENT: THE WORLD BANK Description of project: Personal Initiative Training will be tested for adolescent girls and young women who are part of the economic empowerment component of the SWEDD (Sahel Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Dividend) project. For the purpose of the impact evaluation (RCT) 2,000 adolescent girls and young women will be selected. Among these, 1,000 will be randomly assigned to receive the Personal Initiative Training and the other 1,000 will be randomly assigned to not receive any training. Doorways co-founder Benjamin Scharweit was responsible for the implementation of the project as a member of Leuphana University. Content Development for PI-Ag Training PI Training Short Version and Training of Trainers

PI TRAINING Concept Personal Initiative (PI) means being self-starting, future-thinking, and overcoming barriers. It is a psychological construct which can be developed by changing people’s mindset. PI Training is based on action regulation theory (Frese & Zapf, 1994) which holds that actions are affected by goals, a search for relevant information, plans, and obtaining feedback. The training follows an interactive, action-oriented methodology that allows participants to learn by doing and to immediately apply the content to their own business. A distinguishing element of PI Training is that it is based on scientific evidence. This means that consolidated findings from psychological and entrepreneurship research are translated into so-called action principles. Action principles are rules of thumb that guide entrepreneurs to show (more) Personal Initiative in a very practical and easy-to-grasp manner. With PI Training, goal-setting, searching for information, planning, and feedback is related to each of the three components of Personal Initiative. For example, goals should have a unique component (self-starting) and should be long-term (future-thinking). Back-up plans ensure that entrepreneurs can keep on working toward their goals in spite of obstacles. PI Training combines a top-down (teaching action principles) with a bottom-up approach (learning through action and by making errors). Case studies as well as individual and group activities enable entrepreneurs to apply a proactive mindset to their own businesses already during the training. Moreover, the important role of negative feedback is emphasized because it provides valuable information on how entrepreneurs can improve their businesses. PI Training therefore encourages participants to provide both positive and negative feedback to each other’s ideas, goals, and plans. A good example of how PI Training differs from other entrepreneurship and management trainings is its perspective on sourcing finances for a business project. In the “traditional” training program, participants learn how to keep financial records, they get to know lending products offered at banks, and they learn what is needed to apply for loans. In PI Training, entrepreneurs are taught how to identify and make use of unusual sources of money (self-starting) and how to bootstrap so that they do not rely on external funding in the long run (future-thinking). They also learn to develop a plan B or even plan C in order to be prepared if financial problems occur (overcoming barriers). In short, PI Training rather teaches entrepreneurs how to fish than to give them the fish. PI Training The Personal Initiative (PI) Training is an action-oriented and evidence-based training program that focuses on creating an entrepreneurial mindset and has proven to increase entrepreneurial success. Doorways is a certified provider for PI Training SOME OF OUR PI Projects View all CONTACT Get in Touch Your Name Your Email Address Message I have read and agree to the terms of use . Send info@doorways-training.org +49 4134 9099726 Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt Home Doorways About Us Our Projects Success Stories Clients and Partners Contact STEP STEP Impact STEP Projects STEP Success Stories STEP Publications PI PI Impact PI Projects PI Success Stories PI Publications Blog FAQs Support Us © 2023 Doorways gGmbH. All Rights Reserved Terms of Use Imprint +49 4134 9099726 info@doorways-training.org Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt

Leila A Success Story from Togo A fashion designer by training, Leila Salifou has been involved in the catering business for several years now. An only daughter, she decided to continue her mother’s business, leading her to take over her mother’s restaurant after her training. But she felt as though something was missing, like a sauce that needs an extra pinch of salt. This was the secret she learned in the Personal Initiative training, which for her was a little like teaching a person to fish rather than giving him or her the fish. It opened her eyes and enabled her to move out of the informal sector. “Before this training, I had a small restaurant. Like so many other good ladies along the side of the road, I sold foufou. But after the Personal Initiative Training, I did some further training in catering and then registered my business at the Centre de Formalités des Entreprises to obtain my official economic operator’s card. It was the training that made me see that I needed to change, to move out of the informal sector in order to develop my business. I was able to print advertising brochures, which I distributed to various businesses. Today, if people need a catering service, they contact me directly. If I had not had this training, I would have always been one of those good ladies along the side of the road. Now I’m sure that I am building a lasting business that my children and grandchildren will be able to take over when I’m no longer there,” she says. Leila is now an accomplished economic operator who is asked to prepare luncheons for training seminars in ministries and other organizations in Togo. She believes that she can grow her business enough to one day cater to heads of state. To realize her dream, she is building a recreation center that will include a restaurant, bar, VIP space, banquet room and, most importantly, a cooking school to train the next generation. Her ambition is to train young women in the preparation of typical Togolese dishes and to export them around the world. She has also started a small side business that offers guided tours. Success Story of Yeshi Success Story of Habibou info@doorways-training.org +49 4134 9099726 Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt Home Doorways About Us Our Projects Success Stories Clients and Partners Contact STEP STEP Impact STEP Projects STEP Success Stories STEP Publications PI PI Impact PI Projects PI Success Stories PI Publications Blog FAQs Support Us © 2023 Doorways gGmbH. All Rights Reserved Terms of Use Imprint +49 4134 9099726 info@doorways-training.org Wiesenweg 2 21406 Barnstedt

Development of STEP Training Curriculum for Student Teachers UGANDA, KENYA, TANZANIA CLIENT: GERMAN ACADEMIC EXCHANGE SERVICE (DAAD) Description of project: The goal of the project was to develop a new entrepreneurship curriculum for student teachers to be rolled out at different universities in eastern Africa with a primary focus on Uganda. The curriculum was used to prepare student teachers to teach entrepreneurship at secondary schools. An international team of experts from Germany, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania developed a curriculum based on the STEP Training and implemented and evaluated the new curriculum at partner universities in Uganda. STEP Training in Nigeria STEP Training in Lebanon